Complete each of the following questions. Be sure to write in full sentences and use spell-check and grammar-check to proofread your answers.

BE SURE TO CITE A SPECIFIC PAGE IN MARIEB (COURSE TEXT) OR SPECIFIC OUTSIDE SOURCE FOR EACH ANSWER (WORTH POINTS) - credit will not be given for any Wiki, Yahoo or blog sites.

Critical Thinking and Application Questions (p. 428 in Marieb):

2. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels. General anesthetics are thought to activate chemically gated Cl- channels, thereby rendering the nervous system quiescent while surgery is performed. What specific process do anesthetics impair, and how does this interfere with nerve impulse transmission?

3. When admitted to the emergency room, John was holding his right hand, which had a deep puncture hole in its palm. He explained that he had fallen on a nail while exploring a barn. John was given an antitetanus shot to prevent neural complications. Tetanus bacteria fester in deep, dark wounds, but how do their toxins travel in neural tissue?

4. Rochelle developed multiple sclerosis when she was 27. After eight years she had lost a good portion of her ability to control her skeletal muscles. How did this happen?

5. In the Netherlands a young man named Jan was admitted to the emergency room. He and his friends had been to a rave. His friends say he started twitching and having muscle spasms which progressed until he was "stiff as a board." On examination, staff found a marked increase in muscle tone and hyperreflexia involving facial and limb muscles. In his pocket, he had unmarked dark yellow tablets with dark flecks. Analysis of the tablets showed them to contain a mixture of ecstasy and strychnine. Ecstasy would not cause this clinical picture, but strychnine, which blocks glycine receptors, could. Explain how.

Short Answer Essay Questions (p. 482 in Marieb):

14a. What is the advantage of having a cerebrum that is highly convoluted?

b. What term is used to indicate its grooves?

Its outward folds?

c. What groove divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres?

d. What divides the parietal from the frontal lobe?

The parietabl from the temporal lobe?

16a. What does lateralization of cortical functioning mean?

b. Why is the term cerebral dominance a misnomer?

18. Explain how the cerebellum is physically connected to the brain stem.

20a. Where is the limbic system located?

b. What structures make up this system?

c. How is the limbic system important in behavior?

22. What is an aura?

23. How do sleep patterns, extent of sleeping time, and amount of time spent in REM and NREM sleep change through life?

24. Compare and contrast short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) relative to storage capacity and duration of the memory.

25. Define memory consolidation.

27. List four ways in which the CNS is protected.

30. A brain surgeon is about to make an incision. Name all the tissue layers she cuts through from the skin to the brain.

Assignment APA Style Source Reference(s) -worth points: