1. The theory of motivation that states that people are motivated by wishes and fears is
A) The cognitive approach
B) The psychodynamic approach
C) The biological approach
D) None of the above

2. ERG theory condenses Maslow's hierarchy of needs into three distinct levels:
A) Elementary, reproductive and goal realization
B) Elementary, relatedness, and growth
C) Existence, relatedness, and growth
D) Existence, reproductive, and goal realization

3. The part of the brain that is responsible for registering the emotional significance of objects is the
A) Hypothalamus
B) Limbic system
C) Cortex
D) Amygdala

4. Which one of the following describes a person who is fixated in the latent stage?
A) person with problems committing to a relationship
B) Person who is uninterested in sex
C) A smoker
D) Person over 40 who has never moved out of their parents' home

5. Which of the following refers to setting goals, evaluating performance, and adjusting behavior to achieve these goals in the context of ongoing feedback?
A) goal-establishment
B) outcome-management
C) potential-realization
D) Self-regulation

6. Which of the following factors in the Five Factor Model is believed to be the least heritable?
A) Agreeableness
B) Neuroticism
C) Extraversion
D) Openness

7. The very last developmental crisis adult’s face, according to Erikson at least, is:
A) Intimacy versus isolation
B) Integrity versus despair
C) Generativity versus stagnation
D) Acceptance versus despondence
8. Piaget argued all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Children’s thought processes are creative but constrained by physical realities and brain development
B) Children experience the same stages in the same order
C) Children are motivated to make sense of what they experience, integrating what they know
D) Cognitive efficiency is influenced by children’s knowledge base

9. According to the psychodynamic viewpoint on moral development, children initially are relatively:
A) Evil
B) Narcissistic
C) good
D) Saintly

10. When determining a diagnosis for treating mental disorders, the different axes refer to:
A) The symptoms, personality disturbances, medical conditions, and environmental stressors
B) The severity of the disorder and the extent to which it will interfere with daily life
C) The domain of life which will be most disrupted by the disorder, such as work, school, or relationships
D) The types of emotional, physical, or social disruption that can be expected from a particular disorder

11. Which of the following is an umbrella term for a number of psychotic disorders that involve disturbances in nearly every dimension of human physiology, including thought, perception, behavior, language, communication, and emotion?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Personality disorder
C) Mood disorder
D) Dissociative disorder

12. Which personality disorder is marked by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of separation and abandonment, manipulativeness, and impulsive behavior?
A) Narcissistic
B) Antisocial
C) Borderline
D) Histrionic

13. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that
A) Relaxation training can aid people with schizophrenia
B) Physical contact with other people is essential for contact comfort
C) Through early experiences people learn to fear social interactions
D) Through classical conditioning people have associated fear with previously neutral stimuli

14. Antipsychotic medications reduce symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations by _____ activity within the brain.
A) Increasing epinephrine
B) Inhibiting serotonin
C) Inhibiting dopamine
D) Increasing glutamate

15. The goal of antidepressant medications such as SSRIs is to:
A) Keep serotonin acting longer in the synapses of the brain?
B) Keep people from making irrational associations between ideas
C) Reduce body weight and make people feel better about them
D) Reduce anxiety that leads to depression

16. Characteristics that are attributed to people based on their membership in a specific group, and that are often over-generalized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information are called:
A) Prejudices
B) Biases
C) Stereotypes

D) Discrimination

17. Cognitive bias in social cognition is thought to be the result of:
A) Heuristics that can lead people awry
B) Schemas and attributions being influenced by wishes, needs, and desires
C) People frequently lacking the time to make accurate attributions
D) all of the above


18. The relationship between personality and self-schemas can be seen in a number of ways. Which one of the following is NOT true of that relationship?
A) People who feel disappointment, dissatisfaction, shame, and embarrassment have a discrepancy between actual and ideal selves
B) People who feel anxiety, fear, resentment, guilt, self-contempt, or uneasiness have a discrepancy between actual and ought selves
C) People who experience feelings of failure, social rejection, isolation, and a lack of accomplishment have a discrepancy between ideal and ought selves
D) All of the above are true of the relationship between personality and self-schemas

19. Companionate love involves:
A) Wild emotions, intense physiological arousal, and absorption in another person
B) Deep affection, friendship, and emotional intimacy
C) Acquaintance cordiality, friendship, and societal responsibility
D) Selflessness, altruism, and reciprocal giving

20. Behaving in a way that helps another person with no apparent gain, or with potential cost, to oneself is known as:
A) Selfless gratification
B) Ego protection
C) Ethical hedonism
D) Altruism

Short Answer:

1. According to the cognitive-social theory of personality, what are the four conditions necessary for a behavior to occur?

2. Of the personality disorders discussed in the chapter, which one (narcissistic, borderline, antisocial) would you want to have if you had to have one? Define each type before you select one.

3. Perhaps the two most controversial and frightening of biological treatments for psychological disorders are electroconvulsive (electroshock) therapy and psychosurgery. Provide a brief description of the techniques used in each of these procedures and explain why, although they were more widely used in previous eras, they are not without application today.

4. Who is Kitty Genovese and why is she discussed in your textbook? How does what happened with her relate to psychology? Do you think that this would happen again? Explain your answer clearly